Actuator



lNv'ENToR ATTORNEY 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 L. OCHTMAN ACTUATOR March 29, 1949.

Filed July 1, 194e March 29, 1949.

L. OCHTMAN ACTUATOR 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed July 1I 1946 l INVENTOR LENHR UL' H TMHN ATTORNEY March 29, 1949. l QCHTMAN 2,465,601

ACTUATOR 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed .July 1, 194e.

INVENT'OR LE UNHHD UL' H TMHN ATTORN EY L. OCHTMAN AACTUATOR March 29, 1949.

4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed July 1, 1946 NV ENTOR LENHH EH TMHN ATTO R N EY fill Patented Mar. 29, 1949 ACTUATOR Leonard Ochtman, Ridgewood, N. J.. assigner to Bendix Aviation Corporation, Teterboro, N. J., a

corporation of Delaware Application July 1, 1946, Serial No. 680,805 19 Claims. (Cl. 192-.02)

This' invention relates to actuators, and particularly to means for operating members, such as tabs, flaps and other elements of aircraft.

In electrically operated actuators for such purpose it is imperative in certain applications that the elements be accurately positioned and stopped in any position to which they are moved, in an extremely short period of time after opening the electric circuit.

It is also imperative that such actuators should be as light in weight, and occupy as little space as possible, consistent with effective operation and other factors.

Certain features of actuators heretofore employed, and preventing accurate positioning and quick stops, reside in inertia and overtravel of parts, residual magnetism causing lag in the operation of electromagnets, and failure to effectively lock the driven elements in the positions to which they are moved.

Other objections to prior actuators reside in the use of clutches, in which a clutch member is actuated and held by the iiuX of an electromagnet whereby by reason of Variable voltage the clutch is not adapted as means for accurately limiting the torque.

Various other objections are present in prior actuators, such as impact cushion stop means which are not of uniform yieldability, are not effective -in short range movement, are not compact, and are otherwise not adapted for the quick stops above mentioned.

Among the objects of the present invention are to overcome the above-mentioned and other object-ions to prior structures, and to do so by novel and effective means Another object is to provide elements, such as a driving member, a driven member, a brake for the driven member, and a clutch arranged in novel relation for short travel relative to each other, whereby the driven member may be rapidly connected to the driving member and quickly disconnected therefrom and engaged by the brake.

Another object is to provide a driven clutch element, a driving member and a brake, as aforesaid, which are associated with each other and with electromagnet operating means therefor somewhat as are similar elements in prior clutch means, but wherein, in this instance, all of the parts, although controlled by the electromagnetic uX. are shielded therefrom, and actually operated in their positive clutching and braking actions by means independent. of voltage variations and of more uniform dependable action,

Another object is to provide a novel actuator of the type constituted substantially as a simple self contained link, having ordinary eyes or other attaching means at its ends for connecting the link between two elements, at least one of which is to be actuated, and including a motor, an electromagnet,'a clutch, a brake, gear reducing means, a screw shaft and all other necessary elements of a complete power unit.

Another object is to provide an actuator of the above-indicated type that issimple and durable in construction, economical to manufacture, and

in accordance with the invention, andshowing certain parts positioned as they are when an electrical circuit of the actuator is deenergized;

Figure 2 is a View of a. portion of Figure 1 showing the aforesaid parts in positions occupied thereby when the circuit is energized;

Figure 3 is an end view, taken from the left of Figure 1, certain parts removed;

Figure 4 is an opposite side view, from that of Figure 1, showing partsat the left of Figure 3;

Figure 5 is a detail perspective of an electrov magnet shown in Figure 1;

Figure 6 is a view similar to a portion of Figure 1, of a modified form of such portion adapted for cooperation with the remainder of the structure of Figure 1;

Figure '7 is a view similar to Figure 6 of a further modication of the invention adapted for similar cooperation; and

Figure 8 is a view, similar to Figure 2, of a portion of Figure 7, showing parts in different positions.

Referring to Figures 1, 3 and 4, particularly to Figure 1, the device, as a whole in exterior appearance, as in the form of a comparatively simple elongated link having, in this instance, pivot eyes I0 and I2 for attaching the link between members, as of an airplane, to which it is desired to impart relative motion.

The eye I0 has a shank portion adjustably screwthreaded into an outer end closure member or plug |4 xed to an actuator element or tube` I6 and held to the member I4 as by a nut I8. The tube I6 surrounds a screw shaft 20 embodying -threads having round troughs for bearing balls 22 in a similarly threaded nut portion 24 of the tube |6.

A tubular cover 26 encloses most of the tubev I8 in the retractedposition of the latter, as'

housing 82. which cover is also secured in posiv' .g 16 The screw shaft 20 is journaled in anti-friction tion, as by screws 86.

bearings 88 and 40 in the gear housing 32 and held .axially in position by a shoulder 42 and a locked nut 44 cooperating with the inner races of the bearings 38 and 40, respectively.

The nut portion 24, which is held against turning by the means to which the eyes and I2 are attached, carries belleville spring means 46 at each end held against shoulders 48 of the nut, as by rings '60 lpressed in place on the nut.

These springs, which are of sheet metal, frusto conical, and of washer-like shape, have characteristics eii'ective against'high stresses in short range of axial motion, and non-lineardeflection, which does not vary appreciably over a substantial critical portion of such range, which renders them exceptionally effective in the combination hereof for quick short range cushion stop action, and conservation of space and weight. where coil springs, the deflection of which is linear, and other cushioning means. would be ineffective or of excessive bulk.

Althfough the springs may be employed singly or of various numbers in series, two are employed nested one within the other to increase the resistance of one spring in the given radial and axial spacefor the ldesired effect in this instance. The springs preload the screw and nut to prevent jamming and facilitate reverse operation of the nut.

At the left limit of travel of the tube I6, as viewed in Figure 1, the left-hand springs 46 engagea stop member 62, and,- at the rightlimit of travel of the tube |6, the right hand springs 46 engage a stop member 64 held in the cover 26 against an inturned end flange 66 thereof.

In the gear housing 82, a worm 66. xed to the shaft 20, engages a gear 68 fixed to a cross shaft 60, which carries cams 6| adapted to engage levers 62 for operating limit switches 64. The cams 6| are splined to the shaft 60 to provide approximate adjustment. Fine adlustment'is eilected through screws 66 on the levers 62. A gear 88, xed to the screw shaft 20, constitutes the output gear of a gear train 10 having an' input pinion 12 on a driven shaft 14, which is Journaled in a ball bearing 16, at one side of the pinion 12, and in a ball bearing 80 in a housing portion 82 at the other side of the pinion 12.

A clutch disc 84 is splined to the driven shaft 14 for rotative movement therewith and axial movement relative thereto, being biased to the right, as shown in Figure 1, by a` spring 86 of given force around the shaft 14 between the inner race of the bearing 80 and the disc 84. The latter is limited in its ultimate axial move'- ment to the right, as by a lock ring 80 in a groove of the driven -shaft 14, but need not reach 4 this position in normal operation, as will further appear.

A driving disc 82 is fixed axially and rotatively to a driving oriarmature shaft 84 of areversible motor 86, which shaft is journaled at one end in a ball bearing 86 close to the disc 82, and extends` into a housing 88 of the motor 86 through an electromagnet |00.

The bearing `86 is supported vin a non-rotative member |02 in the form of a channeled ring, the channel of which opens radially outwardly and one side of which nests between the housing portion 82 and a casing |04 of the electromagnet f |00 next to the motor housing 88. The latter and the casing |04 are secured to each other. as by bolts |08 and to the housing portion 82 as by screws |01.

The electromagnet |00, see also Figure 5, comprises a pair of parallel plane laminated ileld cores |08 of substantially E-shape mounted in register with each other at opposite sides of. and spaced from, the motor shaft 84, with the legs of each core or E extending along the shaft away from the motor housing 88. A coil wind- 2'5 ing |I0 links the middlev legs of the cores |08 around, and spaced from, the shaft 84, and is electrically connected to the motor 86 for energization and deenergization therewith.

Laminated movable armatures ||2, disposed one opposite the pole ends of the legs of each core |08, 'are carried by a diamagnetic plate ||4 having pins IIB, of which there are four in this instance, parallel to the shaft 84 xed to the plate and slidably extending through the bearing support member |02.

At the opposite side of the bearing support |02, the pins H6 carry a brake ring H8 of perimetral L-section, an axially extending portion of which constitutes the brake portion proper which is larger in inside diameterthan the outside diameter of the'driving vdisc 82 and is adapted to extend across the' driving disc clearing the latter, as shown, to engage the clutch disc 84.

Axially extending pins |28, xed to the bearing support |02, are surrounded by springs |22 of greater force or strength than the spring 86 for biasing the brake ||8 to the left, with the Plate ||4 against vone side of the member |02 as shown in Figure 1. The opposite side of the member |02 limits movement of the brake to the right to a position, in which the armatures I2, in the energized -condition of the coil ||0, are spaced from the pole ends of the cores |08 by a slight air gap, thus ensuring substantially maximum mag- 55 netic pull by the cores, and preventing sticking of the armatures to the cores, which is conducive to easy and rapid release of the armatures under the action of the ysprings |22 when the coil I0 is deenergized. The laminated construction of a0 the cores |08 and the armatures ||2 further conduces to easy release of the armatures by reducing vresidual magnetism.. The brake I|8 is limited in its movement to the left by engagement of the' plate I|4 with the bearing support |02. which also determines the operating limit of movement of the clutch disc 84 to the left by brake H8.

The clutch disc 84 is provided with a circular radial band or ring-like friction facing element |24 disposed and having radial width sumcientto span the adjacent faces 0f the driving disc 82 and the brake ring ||6, which it alternately engages.Y l

In operation, with the parts positioned as they #are when the coil |0 is deenergized. as illustrated in Figure 1, the motor 86 is also deenergized.

under which condition since the brake I I8 is held against the member |02 by the springs |22, the clutch disc 84 is forced against the brake by the spring 86, whereby the pinion 12 and the mechanism at the output side of the pinion are pre vented from being moved.

When the motor 95 and the coil I|0 are energized, undel` which condition the parts are positioned as' indicated in Figure 2, simultaneously with the rapid acceleration of the motor shaft 94, the armatures I2 are at first attracted to the cores |08 against a force required to be only slightly greater than the difference between the force of the springs |22 and the spring 86, this reduced pull being at a time when the armatures ||2 are farthest from the cores |08 and continuing until the friction disc 84 engages the driving disc 92. Upon this action, when the armatures ||2 are closer to the cores |08 in a stronger flux field, the brake ||8 is more readily pulled free from the clutch disc 84 against the full force of the springs |22. With the driven shaft 14 thus connected to the driving shaft 94, the motion is transmitted through the pinion 12, the gear train and the gear 68 to the screw shaft 20.

When the motor 95 and the coil ||0 are deenergized, under which condition, the parts return from the positions of Figure 2 to the positions of Figure l, the clutch disc 84 is forced against the brake I i8 and disconnected from the driving disc 92.

In the action described, since both the nut portion 24 of the screw shaft 20 andthe gear housing 32 are held against turning by the eyes I0 and I2, respectively, through the attachment thereof, the nut and its tubular portion I6 together with the eye I0 are moved in one direction or the other relative to the eye |2, assuming the latter to be attached to a stationary base.

vThe springs 46 cushion the shock of stopping the tube I6, in case of excessive overtravel for any reason, and by preloading the shaft and the nut, they prevent jamming therebetween and render it easier to reverse rotation of the shaft.

Referring to Figure 6 in the modification of the invention therein shown, a pinion |26, corresponding to the pinion 12 of Figure 1, is similarly fixed to a driven shaft |28, which is journaled in anti-friction bearings in a housing portion |32.

A clutch disc |34 is splined to the driven shaft |28 for rotative movement therewith and axial movement relative thereto, being biased to the right, as shown in the figure, by a spring |36 of given force around the shaft |28 between the disc |34 and the bottom end of a cup |38 around the shaft |28. The cup |38 has its bottom end against the inner race of the adjacent bearing |30,

and its open end constituted as a stop for limiting movement of, the disc |34 to the left. A flange |40 on the shaft |28, limits movement of the disc |34 to the right. The disc |34 carries a friction facing band or ring |48 corresponding to the element |24.

A driving disc |42, corresponding to the disc 92 of Figure 1, is xed axially and angularly to a driving or motor armature shaft |44, which is journaled in bearings |46 of the motor.

An electromagnet |50, corresponding to the magnet |00, comprises a pair of parallel plane laminated field cores 52 of substantially E- shape mounted, in a housing |54 of the motor, in register with each other at opposite sides of, and spaced from, the armature shaft |44, with the legs of each core extending along the shaft toward the driving disc |42.

A coil winding |56 links the middle legs of the cores |52 around, and spaced from, the shaft |44, and is electrically connected to thev motor for energization and deenergization therewith.

Laminated movable armatures |58, corresponding to the armatures H2, disposed one opposite the pole ends of each core |52, are carried by a diamagnetic plate |60.

A plurality of pins |62, in this case four, are xed to the housing |54 around the shaft |44, and each provided with a portion |64 of large diameter, and a small diametered guide pin portion |66, providing the portion shoulder |68.

The plate |60 is axially slidably mounted on the pin guide portions |66, and biased to the left, as by springs |10, around the pin portion |64, which springs are of greater force than the spring |36. A brake ring |12 secured to the plate |60, is mounted on the guide pins is of greater inside diameter than the driving disc |42 and, in this case, h as an outer diameter substantially equal to outer diameter of the clutch disc |34. The shoulders |68 limit movement of the armatures |58 to the right to a position, in which the armatures, in the energized condition of the coil |56, are spaced from the pole ends of thecores |52 by a slight air gapfor the reasons pointed out above.

The operation ofY the device of Figure 6, is similar to that of the device of Figures 1 to 5, inclusive, above set forth, whereby, with the parts positioned as shown, and the coil |56 deenergized, the springs |10 prevail over the spring |36 to engage the brake |12 to the clutch disc |34, and to move the latter to position against the cup |38, in which position the braking force of the springs I 10 is the full force of the latter springs.

When the coil |56 is energized, the armatures |58 are first attracted to the cores |52 against a force required to be only slightly greater than the difference between theforce of the springs |10 and the spring |36, and subsequently against the full force of the springs |10, as in the abovedescribed operation of the device of Figures 1 to 5, inclusive.

Referring to Figure 7, the modification therein shown is similar in operation and construction to the forms previously set forth, with certain exceptions providing it with advantages in certain applications. It comprises a pinion |14, corresponding to the pinions 12 and |26, which is also fixed to a driven shaft |16 journaled in antifriction bearings |18 held in a housing section |80, as by a shoulder |82, a spacer |84 between the bearings, and a ring |86 secured to the housing section, as by screws. The driven shaft |16 has a shoulder |88, at the left end of a hollow section of the shaft, and carries a lock-ring and groove device |90, at the right end of the hollow section.

A clutch disc |92 is splined to the driven shaft |16, between the shoulder |88 and the lock ring |90, for rotation with, and axial movement relative to,'the shaft, and is biased to the right by a spring |94 of given force disposed around the shaft between the shoulder |88 and the disc |92. The disc |92 carries a friction facing band or ring 202.

A driving disc |96 is fixed, as by a nut |91 in the hollow of the driven shaft |16, and held axially and rotatably to a driving or motor armature shaft |98, which is journaled in bearings 200 of the motor.

|64 with a radial |66, which ring Y An electromagnet 204 comprises a casing core 206 of vaxial-plane substantially E-section having portions 206 of its outer legs disposedin rabbet grooves in the housing section |60 and a housing section 2|0, respectively. Means, such as screws 2|2, secure the housing sections |60 and 2|0 to each other, and clamp the 'electromagnet casing portion 208 between the housing sections. A coil winding 2I4 surrounds the middle leg of the casing 206 and is held in place by a diam-agnetic plate 2|6. 'The middle. leg of the core 206 is hollow, by

which it surrounds the driving shaft |96 in spaced relation` thereto, and has an inner ange 2|8.

An armature disc 220 has a brake ring portion 222 of larger inner diameter than the outer diameter of the driving disc |96, and a face depression in which the disc |96 is disposed. A diamagnetic tubular member 224 is fixed to the amature disc 220 and axially slidably mounted in the hollow of the middle leg of the core casing 206 by and against the action of la spring 226, which surrounds the shaft |98 between the ange 2| 6` and the tubular member 224, and is of greater force 226, which in this instance is on the armature disc'220, holds the latter in slightly spaced relav than the spring |94. A diamagnetic face ring tion to the core 206 'when the coil 2|4 is energized. The amature disc `220 is held against rotation, and adapted'for axial movementas by a pin or pins 260, in the housing section |60 which coact with a slot or slots 232 in the armature disc.

between the armature disc 220 and the coreA 206, is limited by a'shoulder 264 formed in the hous- 'Y mg lso.

The operation of the device of Figures'? 'and 8 is similar to that of the above-described gures whereby, with the parts positioned as shown in Figure 7, and the coil l2|4 deenergizedthe spring 226 prevails over the spring |94 to engage the i brake 222 to the shoulder 234 whereby the clutch disc |92 is engaged to of the spring |94.

When the coil 2|4 is energized, inwhich the parts assume the positions of Figure 8, the armathe brake under the force ture disc 220 is rst attracted to the core 206.

against a force required to be only slightly greater than the difference between they .force of the spring 226 and the spring |94, and subsequently against the full force of the spring 226.

Although only three embodiments of the `invention have been illustrated and'clescribed, various changes in the form and relative arrangementsv .opposite sides of and spaced from the motorshaft with theA legs of the cores. extending along said shaft, a coil linking the middle legs of said cores around said shaft spaced from the latter and adapted to be energized and deenergized with said motor, and a laminated movable armature opposite the legs of each core, a bearing support, a bearing between said shaft and said support, a

driving disc fixed to said shaft, a plate carrying said armatures. an axially movable. brake ring, pins fixed to said ring and said plate and slidably extending through said support, spring supportions, means securing said housing portions y When the coil 2.|4 is deenergized, the space,

porting means 'xed to said support, brake springs shaft, a friction lclutch disc axially movably.

splined to said driven shaft, a bearing supporting said driven shaft, al clutch spring Varound said driven shaft adapted to bias the clutch with a force less tha v said given force to alternately engage said brmnd said driving disc, energization'of said tor and coil causing said armatures to pull said brake toward said support against the action of said brake springs and to cause said clutch spring to force said clutch disc against said driving disc, and deenergizationv of said motor and coil causing'said brake springs to force said brake into engagement with said support and to disengage the clutch disc from'said driving discand to cause said clutch spring to force the clutchl disc against the brake. 2. The combination of a pair of housing portions, a motor having a portion of its rotor shaft in one of said housing portions, electromagnetic means including a core in the form of a casing of axial-plane substantially E-section having a hollow middle leg around said shaft portion and portions of its outer legs between said housing to each other and clamping said outer leg portions therebetween, a coilin saidcasing around said middle leg, .an armature disc axially slidably and non-rotatively related to one of said housing portions and having a tubular non-magnetic guide portion in said middle leg and an A outer perimetral radialbraking surface, means maintaininga given minimum flux gap between said armature and said core, a compression spring of given force surrounding said shaft portion and bearing against said tubular guide portion, st'op means limiting movement ofv said armature awayv fromsaid core, a driving disc xed to said shaft l portion in a face depression of said amature disc, a driven shaft aligned with said shaft por` A' tion, and'having a shoulder,.a friction clutch disc rotatable with and axially movable relative to said driven shaft, and. a vc ompression'spring of lesser force around said driven shaft between said shoulder and said. friction clutch disc biasing the latter toward said braking surface and said. driving disc, said motorl and said coil being electrically connected such that, when. they are energized, said armature disc is actuated against said first spring to yrelease said vbraking surface 'axially from said friction clutch disc' and the latter is forced-byl said second spring into engagement with -said driving disc and, vwhen the motor and the coil are deenergiii'ed,` said rst spring forces the brake surface axially against said ,friction` spring. disc out of en clutch disc inopposition to said second and moves said friction clutch gagement with .said driving` disc.

3. The combination of vanelectric motor, electromagnetic means including a pair of parallel plane laminated leld cores of.substantially E-shape mounted in register with each other at opposite sides of and spaced from themotor shaft with the-legs of the cores extending along lsaid shaft, a coil linking the middle legs of said cores and said shaft spaced from'the latter and adapted to be energized and deenergized 4with said motor,

and a laminated movable armature opposite the `legs of each core, pins fixed in position about said shaft and having radial shoulders and guide portions, a diamagnetic plate axially slidable on said guide portions and supporting said armatures clear of said shaft, said plate engaging said shoulders when said coil is energized to hold said armatures slightly spaced from said cores, a brake ring fixed to said plate, brake springs around said pins, a driving disc fixed to said shaft, a driven shaft aligned with said motor shaft, a friction clutch disc axially movably splined to said driven shaft,

a cup surrounding said driven shaft with its open end constituting a stop for said .clutch disc, and a clutch spring in said cup of less strength than said brake springs biasing said clutch disc to alternately engage said brake ring and said driving disc, energization of said motor and coil causing said armatures to pull said brake axially toward said pin shoulders against the action of said brake springs and to cause said clutch spring to force said clutch disc axially against said driving disc, and deenergization of said motor and coil causing said brake springs to force said brake axially into engagement with said clutch disc to disengage the latter from said driving disc and to force the clutch disc against said stop.

4. The combination of a driving shaft, a driven shaft axially aligned with and having an end adjacent to an end of said driving shaft, a driving member on said driving shaft adjacent to its said end and rotatable therewith and having a ring-like outer perimetral lateral friction surface element facing in direction toward said driven shaft, a non-rotative brake member having a ring-like outer perimetral lateral friction surface element of larger inside diameter than the outer diameter of said driving friction surface element and facing and biased in said direction under a given force, means limiting movement of said brake surface element against said bias, a clutch member on said driven shaft adjacent to its said end and rotatable therewith and having a ring-like outer perimetral lateral friction surface element radially spanning and facing and biased toward said driving and braklng surface elements under a smaller force, means limiting movement of said driven clutch surface element against said smaller force bias, and actuating means operating when energized to disengage said brake surface element from said driven clutch surface element against said given force bias and to cause said driven clutch surface element to engage said driving clutch surface element under said smaller -force bias, deenergization of said actuating means permitting said given force bias to engage said brake surface ele' ment to said driven clutch surface element and to move the latter against said smaller force bias away from said driving clutch surface element.

5. The combination of an electric motor, electro-magnetic means including a laminated field core means having pole end means, coil winding means cooperating with said core means and adapted to be energized and deenergized therewith, and laminated movable armature means opposite said pole end means, a. brake movable by said armature means axially of the motor shaft, said armature means being slightly spaced from said core means when said coil is energized, means biasing said brake axially of the shaft, with a given force, a driving disc fixed to said shaft, a driven shaft aligned with said motor shaft, a friction clutch disc rotatable with and axially movable -relative to said driven shaft and cooperating with said brake and with said driving disc, and means of less force than said biasing means biasing said clutch to alternately engage said brake and said driving disc, energization of said motor and said coil causing said armature means to pull said brake away from said clutch and said second biasing means to force said clutch against said driving disc, and deenergization of said motor and said coil causing said first biasing means to force said brake into engagement with said clutch disc and to disengage the latter from said driving disc.

6. The combination of an electric motor, electro-magnetic means including a core in the form of a casing of axial substantially E-section having a hollow middle leg around the motor shaft, a coil in said casing around said middle leg, an axially slidable armature disc having a tubular guide portion in said leg and carrying an outer perimetral brake portion, means adapted to maintain minimum flux gap between said armature and said core, a compression spring surrounding said shaft and bearing against said guide portion, a driving disc carried by said shaft, a driven shaft, a clutch disc rotatable with and axially movable relative to said driven shaft, and a compression spring around said driven shaft biasing said friction disc toward said brake portion and said driving disc, said motor and said coil being electrically connected to each other such that when energized said armature disc is actuated against said rst spring to release said brake portion from said clutch disc and the latter is forced by said second spring means into engagement with said driving disc and, when the motor and the coil are deenergized, said first spring forces said brake portion against said clutch disc in opposition to said second spring and'moves said clutch disc out of engagement with said driving disc. y

7. In means comprising an electric motor, and means to be' driven by said motor, the combination of a driving element actuated by said motor,

Aa non-rotative brake carried by an axially movable member, means biasing said member axially with a given force, means adapted to stop movement of said brake against its bias, a friction clutch mounted on said driven means for rotation therewith and axial movement relative thereto, means biasing said, clutch toward said brake and driving element against and with less force than said first biasing means, means adapted to stop movement of said clutch against its bias, and electro-magnetic means adapted to actuate said brake and clutch comprising a laminated core, coil means cooperating with said core electrically connected to said motor, and a laminated movable armature held by said movable member and by said first stopping means in. slightly spaced relation to said core when said coil is energized, energization of said coil causing said armature to pull said brake away from said clutch and from said second biasing means to force said clutch against said driving element, and deenergization of said coil causing `said first biasing means to force said brake into engagement with said clutch and to disengage the latter from said driving element.

8. In means comprising a driven member, and an electric motor adapted to drive said driven memberfthe combination of means comprising a driving element actuated by said motor, a movable brake, means biasing said brake towards said driving element with a given force, means adapted to stop movement of said brake against said bias, a. friction clutch mounted on said driven member rotatable therewith and movable relative thereto, means biasing said clutch toward said brake and said driving element with less force than said rst biasing means, means adapted to stop movement of said clutch against its bias, and electromagnetic means adapted to actuate said brake and clutch comprising `a core, coil means cooperating with said core electrically connected to said motor, and a movable armature operatively connected to saidv brake and held in slightly spaced relation to said core when said coil means is energized, energization of said coil means causing said armature to pull said brake away from said clutch and from said second biasing means to permit; the latter to force said clutch against said driving element, and deenergization of said coil means causing said first biasing means to force said brake into engagement with said clutch and the latter to move against its biasing means away from said driving element.

9. The combination of a rotatable driving member having an outer perimetral clutch portion, a non-rotative brake member having an outer perimetral brake portion of greater inner radius than and biased away from said driving clutch portion under a. given force, said brake portion being limited in its movement against said bias, a rotatable driven member having a clutch portion laterally spanning and biased toward said driving clutch portion and said brake portion under a smaller force, said driven clutch portion being limited in its movement against said smaller force bias, and actuating means operating to disengage said brake portion from said driven clutch portion against said given force bias and to cause said driven clutch portion to engage said driving clutch portion. under said smaller force bas, release of said actuating means permitting said given force bias to engage said brake portion to said driven clutchI portion and to move the latter against said smaller force bias to disengage said driving clutch portion.-

10. The combination of a driving shaft, a. driven shaft axiallyaligned with and having anv end adjacent to an end of said driving shaft, a driven clutch member on said driven shaft adjacent to its said end and rotatable therewith and having a ring-like outer perimetral lateral friction surface element facing in direction toward said driving shaft, a non-rotative brake mem- 12 l from said friction surface 'element of said driven clutch member. 7

11. In means comprising a driven member, and an electric motor adapted to drive said driven member, the combination of means comprising a driving element actuated by said motor, an axially movable brake. vmeans biasing said brake axially towards said driving element with a given force, a friction clutch mounted on said driven' member' rotatable therewith and movable relative thereto, means biasing said clutch axially toward said brake and said driving element with less force than said rst biasing means, means adapted to limit movement of said brake against said clutch biasing means, andelectromagnetic means adapted to actuate said brake and clutch comprising a core, coil means cooperating with said core electrically connected to said motor. and

A'I n ad ber having a ring-like outer perimetral lateral force, a driving clutch member cn said driving shaft adjacent to its said end androtatable therewith and having a ring-like outer perimetral lateral friction surface element radially spanning and facing and biased toward said friction surface elements of said driven clutch member and said brake member under a smaller force, means limiting movement of said brake member by said given force biasing means, and actuating means operating when energized to disengage said friction surface element of said brake inem-` ber from said friction surface element of said driving clutch member against said given force bias and to cause said friction surface element of said driving clutch member to engage said friction surface element of said driven clutch member under said smaller force bias, deenergization of said actuating means causing said given force bias to engage said friction surface element of said brake member to said friction surface element of said driving clutch member and to move Athe latter against said smaller, force bias away a movable armature operatively connected to" said brake and held in slightly spaced relation to said core when said coil means is energized. energization of said coil means causing said armature to pull said brake away from said clutch and from said second biasing means to permitthe latter to force said clutch against said driving element, and deenergization of said coil means caus-l ing `said first biasing means to force said brake\ into engagement with said clutch vand the latter to move against its biasing means away from said driving element. Y

12. The. combination `of a rotatable driving member having an outerperimetral clutch portion, a non-rotative brake member' having an outer perimetral brake portion of greater inner tuating means operating to disengage said brake portion fromsaid driven clutch portion against said given force bias and to cause said driven clutch' portion to engage said driving clutch por tion under said smaller force bias, release of said actuating means permitting said given lforce bias to engage said lbrake portion to said driven clutch portion and to move the latter against said smaller force bias to disengage said driving clutch portion.

13. The combination of electromagnetic means including a, core having a portion of substantially E,shape, a coil around the middle leg of the core, and an armature at one end of the core and with the core forming a magnetic ux circuit, means biasing said armature away from. the core, a structure adjacent to said end of said core and including a rotatable driving member, a, rotatable driven member and a non-rotative brake member,

v and means adapted to operate against the action of said biasing means to cause engagement between said driving and driven members free from said brake member when said coil is energized, and to permit said biasing means to cause engagement between said driven and brake members free from said driving member when said coil is deenergized.

14. The combination of electromagnetic means including a core, a coilon the core and an armature at one end of said core forming with the core a magnetic flux circuit, means biasing' said armature away from the core. a structure closely adjacent vto said end of said core and including a rotatable driving member, a rotatable driven to permit said biasing means to cause engagement between said driven and brake members free from said driving member when said coil is deenergized.

15. In a clutch and brake structure, the combination of a driving shaft, tatable with the shaft thereon, a rotatable driven member, a clutch disc rotatable with said driven member, one of said discs being axially movably from the relative movement toward each given force, a brake member, means bias said brake member and clutch disc toward each other under a force greater than said given force, and electromagnetic means including a a driving disc romeans adapted to relatively bias said clutch plate and brake member toward each other under a force greater than said given force to move said clutch plate out of contact with said driving member, and means adapted to separate saidl clutch plate and brake member and to cause the aforesaid frictional engagement between the clutch plate and the driving member.

18. In an electrically actuated clutch and brake structure, the combination of a rotatable driving member, a rotatable driven member, a friction clutch plate rotatable with and axially mov-- able relative to said driving and driven members, means adapted to bias said clutch plate in said relative movement toward said driving member with a given force, an axially movable non-roadapted to. Y

' force greater thansaid given force core in the form of a casing of axial substantially E-section having a hollow middle leg around the motor shaft, a 'coil in said casing around said middle leg, and means including an amature around said driving shaft adapted to move said brake member against its bias.

16. In a clutch and brake structure, the combination of a driving shaft, a driving disc rotatable with the shaft thereon. a rotatable driven member, a friction clutch disc rotatable with :said driven member, one of said discs being axially movably engageable with and disengageable from the other, means biasing said discs in said relative movement toward each other under a given force a non-rotatable brake member, means biasins said brake member and clutch disc toward each other under a force greater than said given force, and electromagnetic means including a pair of laminated field cores at opposite sides of and spaced from said shaft, a coil linking said cores and said shaft spaced from the latter, and a lammated movable .amature opposite each core adapted to move said brake member against its bias.

17. In a structure comprising a rotatable driving member, and a rotatable driven member, the combination of a friction clutch plate rotatable with said driven member, means adapted to relatively bias said clutch plate and driving member into frictlonal engagement with each other under a given force, a non-rotative brake member,

tative brake member, means adapted to bias said brake member toward said clutch plate with a to move said clutch plate out of contact with said driving member, and electro-responsive means having a force greater than the difference between said biasing forces for moving said brake member out of contact ywith said clutch plate and causing the latter to engage said driving member under said given force.

19. In a structure comprising a rotatable driving member and a rotatable driven member, the combination of cooperating clutch elements on said members, respectively, an axially movable brake member, and means including an electromagnetic device and having alternate operations, one of which moves said brake member to engage said brake member and said driving clutch element to each other and disengage said driven clutch element and said driving clutch element from each other and the other of which moves the brake member to disengage said brake member and said driving clutch element from each other and to engage said driven clutch element and said driving clutch element to each other.

LEONARD OCHTMAN.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the ille of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS NOV. 12, 1948 

